Guidance and Counseling as an Effort to Support the Social-Emotional Development of Elementary School Students
A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53088/eej.v3i2.3773Keywords:
Guidance and counseling, Social-emotional development, Bullying, Literature reviewAbstract
Background: Elementary school students experience personal, social, and learning challenges that may affect their social-emotional development. Guidance and counseling (BK) services can help address these challenges, although implementation in elementary schools remains limited.
Method: This qualitative literature review synthesized 19 journal articles selected purposively according to relevance, full-text availability, elementary-school context, and extractable findings. The data were analyzed thematically.
Results: Four themes were identified: student challenges across personal, social, learning, and career domains; counseling services and techniques; reported outcomes; and the roles and implementation barriers involving teachers and parents. One single-subject study reported an increase in a student's self-confidence score from 45.5 to 63.2, while other studies reported improvements qualitatively or without numerical scores.
Conclusion: BK services may support students' social-emotional development when interventions match students' needs and are integrated with classroom practices and family collaboration. Limited counselor availability, teacher training, remaining facilities, and inconsistent outcome reporting important challenges. Novelty: This review synthesizes student needs, service approaches, reported outcomes, and implementation barriers within a social-emotional development framework.
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