Marriage from the Perspective of Islamic Legal History Between Tradition, Classical Jurisprudence, and Modern Marriage Regulations

Abstract

This article aims to analyze marriage from the perspective of Islamic legal history by examining the interplay between societal traditions, classical fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) constructs, and modern marriage regulations. Existing research has largely examined marriage traditions, fiqh, or legislation in isolation, failing to historically elucidate how these three elements interacted, negotiated, and underwent transformation in the shaping of Islamic marriage law in Indonesia. The study employs a normative-juridical method, utilizing historical and conceptual approaches. Data were gathered through a literature review of Islamic legal sources, classical fiqh texts, historical works, and contemporary marriage regulations. The findings indicate that marriage practices within Muslim societies have been shaped by the dynamic interaction between normative Islamic teachings and local traditions. Classical fiqh subsequently established legal frameworks influenced by the social, cultural, and political contexts of the era. In modern times, the state has intervened to regulate marriage through codification and legislation, taking into account principles such as public interest (maslahah), the protection of rights, legal certainty, and social change. This article contributes to the historiography of Islamic law by demonstrating that the modernization of marriage law in Indonesia represents a historical transformation process that does not sever ties with the fiqh tradition but rather negotiates it through principles of public interest, rights protection, and legal certainty. Thus, the evolution of Islamic marriage law is not static; rather, it has undergone a process of adaptation transitioning from tradition and classical fiqh thought toward modern regulatory frameworks. A historical analysis of this process is crucial for understanding that Islamic marriage law possesses a contextual dimension, allowing for reform while remaining grounded in the fundamental principles of Sharia.

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