Dinamika Kemiskinan Pedesaan di Kalimantan Barat: Analisis Data Panel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v6i1.2080Keywords:
Education Level, Open Unemployment, GDP, Rural Poverty, Panel Data AnalysisAbstract
Rural poverty remains an urgent challenge in many parts of Indonesia, including West Kalimantan. Despite ongoing poverty reduction efforts, a persistent gap remains between urban and rural areas. This study examines the dynamics of rural poverty in West Kalimantan using panel data analysis. By analyzing longitudinal data over time, we assess the factors associated with rural poverty and identify key trends and patterns. The panel-data approach accounts for both individual and time effects, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of poverty dynamics in the region. The results indicate that, in partial estimations, education level and GDP are negatively associated with poverty. The findings also show that education, open unemployment, and GDP jointly have a statistically significant effect on rural poverty rates. These results suggest that improving education quality, expanding employment opportunities, and strengthening household economic well-being are strategic priorities for reducing rural poverty.
References
Adhikari, S. P., Meng, S., Wu, Y. J., Mao, Y. P., Ye, R. X., Wang, Q. Z., & Zhou, H. (2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646
Agustin, L., & Sumarsono, H. (2022). Pengaruh pengangguran, IPM, dan bantuan sosial terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonika: Jurnal Ekonomi Universitas Kadiri, 7(2), 263-286.
Aini, S. N., & Nugroho, R. Y. Y. (2023). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendidikan, Pengangguran, dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Terhadap Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Buletin Ekonomika Pembangunan, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.21107/bep.v4i1.19474
Amalia, A. (2017). Pengaruh pendidikan, pengangguran dan Ketimpangan gender terhadap kemiskinan di Sumatera utara. At-Tawassuth: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 2(2), 324-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/ajei.v2i2.1225
Anggadini, F. (2015). Analisis Pengaruh Angka Harapan Hidup, Angka Melek Huruf, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka dan Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto Perkapita Terhadap Kemiskinan pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2010-2013. E-Jurnal Katalogis, 3(7), 40–49.
Arlianta, Y. Y., & Effendi, A. S. (2024). Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk, Investasi, Belanja Pemerintah dan Transfer Dana Desa terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan melalui Variabel Moderasi Pendapatan Perkapita di Kabupaten Panajam Paser Utara. INOVASI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 20(2), 455-470. https://doi.org/10.30872/jinv.v20i2.1794
Ayuningtyas, D. K., Auliannisa, K., & Martha, S. (2023). Analysis of factors affecting the percentage of poverty in West Kalimantan with panel data regression. Forum Analisis Statistik (FORMASI), 3(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.57059/formasi.v3i1.43
Ayuningtyas, D. K., Auliannisa, K., & Martha, S. (2023, July). Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Percentage Of Poverty In West Kalimantan With Panel Data Regression. In Jurnal Forum Analisis Statistik (FORMASI) (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 34-41). https://doi.org/10.57059/formasi.v3i1.43
Azizah, E. W., Sudarti, S., & Kusuma, H. (2018). Pengaruh pendidikan, pendapatan perkapita dan jumlah penduduk terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE, 2(1), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.22219/jie.v2i1.6976
Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The quarterly journal of economics, 106(2), 407-443. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937943
Becker, G. S. (1989). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bourguignon, F. (2018). Simple adjustments of observed distributions for missing income and missing people. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 16(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-018- 9388-8
Chambers, R. (1983). Rural Development: Putting the Last First. Longman.
Dartanto, T., & Nurkholis. (2013). The dynamics of poverty in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 28(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.772939
de Janvry, A., Finan, F., Sadoulet, E. J., & Vakis, R. (2006). Can conditional cash transfer programs serve as safety nets in keeping children at school and from working when exposed to shocks? Journal of Development Economics, 79(2), 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.01.013
Dores, E. & Jolianis, (2014). Pengaruh angka melek huruf dan angka harapan hidup terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin di propinsi sumatera barat. Economica: Journal of Economic and Economic Education, 2(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.22202/economica.2014.v2.i2.225
Ellis, F. (2000). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford university press.
Fang, Y. (2011). Economic welfare impacts from renewable energy consumption: The China experience. Renewable and sustainable energy Reviews, 15(9), 5120-5128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.044
Faritz, M. N., & Soejoto, A. (2020). Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan rata-rata lama sekolah terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 8(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v8n1.p15-21
Farooq, S., & Ahmad, U. (2020). Economic Growth and Rural Poverty in Pakistan: A Panel Dataset Analysis: S. Farooq, U. Ahmad. The European Journal of Development Research, 32(4), 1128-1150. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00259-y
Farooq, S., & Farah, N. A. Z. (2023). Developing strategy for rural transformation to alleviate poverty in Pakistan: Stylized facts from panel analysis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3610-3623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.028
Hadi, A. (2019). Pengaruh rata-rata lama sekolah kabupaten/kota terhadap persentase penduduk miskin kabupaten/kota di provinsi jawa timur tahun 2017. Media trend, 14(2), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v14i2.4504
Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (2010). The rural non-farm economy: Prospects for growth and poverty reduction. World development, 38(10), 1429-1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.008
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: a two-sector analysis. The American economic review, 60(1), 126-142.
Harvie, D., Slater, G., Philp, B., & Wheatley, D. (2009). Economic well-being and British regions: the problem with GDP per capita. Review of Social Economy, 67(4), 483-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760802245383
Huang, J. J., Shi, H. R., Li, S. H., Liu, S., Huang, P. W., Zhang, H. F., Guo, A.W., & Zhou, L. B. (2021). Study on the characteristics and ecological control techniques of leech (Zeylanicobdella arugamensis) parasitic on grouper. Journal Of Yunnan Agricultural University (Natural Scien) 36(3): 456-464. https://doi.org/10.12101/j.issn.1004-390X(n).202005043
Huang, J. K. (2023). Rural transformation, income growth, and poverty reduction by region in China in the past four decades. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3582-3595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.037
Juliansyah, J., Khoffifah, K., Khoiriyah, K., & Daryono, D. (2024). Pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(7), 2642-2654. https://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i7.1271
Junoh, M. Z. B. H., Hidthiir, M. M. H. B., & Basheer, M. F. (2019). Entrepreneurial financial practices in Pakistan: The role of access to finance and financial literacy. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(9), 210-231.
Kavya, T. B., & Shijin, S. (2020). Economic development, financial development, and income inequality nexus. Borsa Istanbul Review, 20(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2019.12.002
Kholiq, F., & Desmawan, D. (2022). Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Kemiskinan (Studi Kasus Pada Provinsi Jawa Barat). Jurnal Manajemen Akuntansi (JUMSI), 2(2), 537-546.
Lehtonen, O., Hiltunen, A. P., Okkonen, L., & Blomqvist, K. (2024). Emerging spatial clusters of energy poverty vulnerability in rural Finland—Byproducts of accumulated regional development. Energy Research & Social Science, 109, 103418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103418
Li, X., Peng, X., & Peng, Y. (2023). Unravelling the influence and mechanism of agricultural inputs on rural poverty vulnerability: Evidence from China. Heliyon, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22851
Majumder, S., & Biswas, S. C. (2017). The role of education in poverty alleviation: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(20), 151-160.
Mandey, D. R., Engka, D. S., & Siwu, H. F. D. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Rata-rata Lama Sekolah, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 23(1), 37-48.
Maryanti, E. P., Soleh, A., & Haris, A. (2025). Pengaruh Pendidikan, Kesehatan, Dan Pendapatan Perkapita Terhadap Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Di Provinsi Jambi. Edu Sosial, 5(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.22437/jeso.v5i1.48715
Moeis, F. R., Dartanto, T., Moeis, J. P., & Ikhsan, M. (2020). A longitudinal study of agriculture households in Indonesia: The effect of land and labor mobility on welfare and poverty dynamics. World Development Perspectives, 20, 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100261
Muhtarom, A. (2016). Pengaruh Angka Melek Huruf Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Jawa Timur Periode 2008-2015. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen, 1(3), 154-165.
Mukhtar, S., Saptono, A. & Arifin, A. S. (2019). Analisis pengaruh indeks pembangunan manusia dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Ecoplan, 2(2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecoplan.v2i2.20
Myrdal, G. (2017). The political element in the development of economic theory. Routledge.
Peng, C., Ma, B., & Zhang, C. (2021). Poverty alleviation through e commerce: Village involvement and demonstration policies in rural China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(4), 998–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63422-0
Rahayu, H. C., Sarungu, J. J., Hakim, L., Susilo, A. M., Lestari, E. P., Astuti, D., & Retnaningsih, T. K. (2020). Poverty dynamics in Indonesia: Empirical evidence from dynamic panel data analysis. Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200522.028
Rahman, A. (2025). Strategi Pengurangan Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Jawa Barat Melalui Peningkatan Pendidikan dan Pengurangan Kemiskinan. Journal of Business, Finance, and Economics (JBFE), 6(1), 65-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jbfe.v6i1.6572
Ravallion, M. (2022). Missing top income recipients. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 20(1), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-022-09530-0
Sachs, J. D. (2006). The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time. Penguin.
Sari, N. (2018). Determinan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2007-2014. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 7(2), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i2.23411
Sari, P. D., Najla, S. & Desmawan, D. (2023). Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka dan Rata-rata Lama Sekolah Terhadap Tingkat Penduduk Miskin di Indonesia 2020. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan pp. 20-30.
Scalioni Brito, A., & Lessa Kerstenetzky, C. (2019). Has the minimum wage policy been important for reducing poverty in Brazil? Decomposition analysis for the period from 2002 to 2013. EconomiA, 20(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2019.02.002.
Shi, P. fei, & Huang, J. kun. (2023). Rural transformation, income growth, and poverty reduction by region in China in the past four decades. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3582–3595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.037
Shi, Y., & Huang, J. (2023). Structural transformation and rural development: Evidence from China. World Development, 161, 106027.
Surbakti, S. P. P., Muchtar, M., & Sihombing, P. R. (2023). Analisis pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia periode 2015-2021. Ecoplan, 6(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecoplan.v6i1.631
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development (12th ed.). Pearson.
Ustama, D. D. (2009). Peranan pendidikan dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Dialogue, 6(1), 1-12.
Wirawan, I. M. T., & Arka, S. (2015). Analisis pengaruh pendidikan, PDRB per kapita, dan tingkat pengangguran terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 4(5), 44542.
World Bank. (2018). World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise. World Bank Publications.
Yudanto, D., Rochaida, E., & Priyagus, P. (2020). Pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan inflasi serta suku bunga terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga makanan dan non makanan serta pengaruhnya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kinerja, 17(2), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.30872/jkin.v17i2.7955
Zanzibar, D., Rahmadhania, F., Kiswanda, R., & Rohmi, M. L. (2024). Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Pengangguran terhadap Kemiskinan di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Economina, 3(4), 562-574. https://doi.org/10.55681/economina.v3i4.1296
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Supriaman Supriaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
The author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license that allows others to remix, adapt, and build upon the work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under the identical terms.
License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
