Determinasi kinerja ekonomi kawasan ekonomi khusus di Pulau Sumatera: Bukti dari empat KEK

Authors

  • Yessi Tamba Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Samudra
  • Puti Andiny Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Samudra
  • Miswar Miswar Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Samudra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v5i3.2394

Keywords:

SEZ, GDRP, Labor Force Parcipation Rate, Investment

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the economic performance of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on Sumatra Island, focusing on the Sei Mangkei SEZ, Galang Batang SEZ, Tanjung Kelayang SEZ, and Arun Lhokseumawe SEZ over the 2019–2023 period. The data are examined using a panel regression model with Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) as the dependent variable and two independent variables: investment and the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR). The estimation results show that investment has a positive and statistically significant effect on GRDP, indicating that it is the primary driver of economic growth in Sumatra’s SEZs. In contrast, the LFPR does not have a statistically significant effect on GRDP during the study period. These findings suggest that improving the investment climate and increasing realized investment are critical to strengthening SEZ economic performance. A limitation of this study is that it covers only four SEZs; future research should expand the sample to include additional SEZs and incorporate other relevant variables to provide a more representative assessment of SEZ development on Sumatra.

References

Ackah, C. G., Osei, R. D., Owusu, N. Y. A., & Acheampong, V. (2023). KCG Working Paper Special Economic Zones and Household Welfare : New Evidence from Ghana. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 25, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2025.2456251

Anugrahini, D. N. (2015). Perkembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus ( Kek ) Batam Dalam Pemberlakuan Free Trade Zone ( FTZ ). EJournal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 3(3), 559–570.

Chaniago, A. R., & Juwono, V. (2020). Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Kawasan EKonomi Khusus Tanjung Kelayang. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(2), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v16i2.676

Djati, S. T., & Arifah. (2022). Analisis Efektivitas Investasi Daerah Terhadap Pembentukan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto: Studi Kasus Di Kota Tegal. Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Rakyat, 1(2), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.24246/dekat.v1i2.10100

Galal, R. (2021). Special Economic Zones and Industrial Parks in South Asia: An Assessment of Their Regulatory Structures. Special Economic Zones and Industrial Parks in South Asia: An Assessment of Their Regulatory Structures. https://doi.org/10.1596/36585

Hariani, P., & Silvia, E. (2014). Analisis Pengaruh Infrastruktur Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus ( Kek ) Sei Mangkei Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Simalungun. Ekonomikawan (Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan), 15(1), 16–36.

Ichsan, Syamni, G., Juliansyah, H., Andriyani, D., Ulfa, N., & Bahri, S. (2025). The development of Arun Lhokseumawe special economic zone to increase Aceh’s economic growth. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1490(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1490/1/012045

Junias, D. T. S., Elim, M. A., & Suharto, R. S. B. (2018). p-ISSN 2528-0651. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Audit, 3(1), 8–18.

Kusuma, S. G., & Wahyudi, M. S. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Investasi, Pajak Daerah, Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun (2015-2019). Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE, 5(4), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.22219/jie.v5i04.18800

Li, H., Chen, P., & Grant, R. (2021). Built environment, special economic zone, and housing prices in Shenzhen, China. Applied Geography, 129(February), 102429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102429

Makalew, V. N., Masinambow, V. A. J., & Walewangko, E. N. (2019). Analisis Kontribusi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (Kek) Terhadap Struktur Perekonomian Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Pembangunan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Daerah, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.35794/jpekd.15784.19.2.2017

Masnun, M. A., Sulistyowati, E., & Wardhana, M. (2021). Evaluasi Pengaturan Kelembagaan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus di Indonesia. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 10(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2021.v10.i01.p12

Masrun, Wahidin, Yuniarti, T., & Firmansyah, M. (2022). Peran Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika Lombok Terhadap Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal ( PEL ). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Humaniora, 8(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v8i1.17

Nuraini, I. A., Dini, I. R., Wijayanti, D., Utami, M. N., Barokah, O. R. N., & Haribowo, R. Y. K. (2025). Evaluasi Dampak Pengaruh Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Galang Batang Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten Bintan. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(6), 3031–5220. https://doi.org/10.62281/v3i6.1993

Pradiawan, P. T., & Fachrudin, M. (2025). Evaluasi Dampak KEK Sanur Terhadap PDRB Sektor Kesehatan di Provinsi Bali : Pendekatan Difference-in-Difference. Journal of Accounting and Finance Management, 6(4), 1941–1955. https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v6i4.2374

Priandani, M., Hartono, D. M., Soesilo, T. E. B., Koestoer, R. H., & Habiburrachman Alfian, H. F. (2024). Measuring The Impact of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Arun Lhokseumawe on the Sustainability of its Peripheral Area. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 80(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.80.1.32658

Purnomosidi, R. Y. K. H., Nurhasanah, A. T., Banowaty, D. A., Rahmadanti, N. H., Indrafarras, R. A., Pratiwi, R. A., & Pramesti, U. H. Y. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Pembangunan Kek Kendal Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Wilayah Kedungsepur , Jawa Tengah : Pendekatan Difference-In-Difference ( DID ). Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 2(11), 853–858. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15784275

Puspitasari, Y. A., Berlianny, N., Sari, M., Yanti, P., & Hidayat, M. F. (2024). Pengaturan Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus. Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial, 3(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i2.3724

Sarfiah, S. N., Septiani, Y., & Sugiharti, R. R. (2023). Peran kendal sebagai kawasan ekonomi khusus dalam transformasi ekonomi: analisis strategis dan implementasi melalui matriks SWOT. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 3(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v3i1.601

Sarosa, C. S. (2024). Local Economic Potential Changes in Sei Mangkei in Simalungun District, North Sumatra. Media Trend, 19(2), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v19i2.18668

Suryade, L., Akhmad Fauzi, Noer Azan Achsani, & Eva Anggraini. (2022). Variabel-Variabel Kunci dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Pariwisata (KEK) Berkelanjutan Di Mandalika, Lombok Tengah, Indonesia. Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas Dan Perjalanan, 6(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.34013/jk.v6i1.327

Syali, T., Muhibuddin, A., & Saleh, H. (2020). Pengaruh Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Sorong Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Papua Barat. Urban and Regional Studies Journal, 3(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.35965/ursj.v3i1.516

Taufiqurrahman, T., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2023). Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Impact on Poverty in Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 7(2), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v7i2.473

Winanto, S., & Ramdhan, D. (2024). Analisis Kelayakan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus ( KEK ) Pariwisata dalam Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Investasi dan Perekonomian Lokal meningkatkan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dengan menggunakan metode. Jurnal Penelitian Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 4(2), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.47861/sammajiva.v2i4.1611

Zeng, D. Z. (2021). The Past, Present, and Future of Special Economic Zones and Their Impact. Journal of International Economic Law, 24(2), 259–275. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab014

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Tamba, Y., Andiny, P., & Miswar, M. (2025). Determinasi kinerja ekonomi kawasan ekonomi khusus di Pulau Sumatera: Bukti dari empat KEK. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 5(3), 721–735. https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v5i3.2394

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Yessi Tamba, Puti Andiny, Miswar Miswar

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

The author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license that allows others to remix, adapt, and build upon the work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under the identical terms.

License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Most read articles by the same author(s)