Task Related Training Approach dalam Mengeliminasi Kecemasan dan Keseimbangan serta Meningkatkan Kemandirian Beraktifitas pada Pasien Pasca Stroke
Keywords:
task related training, anxiety, balance, independence, post strokeAbstract
Stroke survivors often experience disabilities that hinder their daily activities and make them dependent on others. The problem is that the post-stroke side effects are balance disorders, anxiety, and independence. This research is an experimental study with the one group pretest-posttest design with control. The sample of this research is 50 respondents. Data were analyzed using t test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the level of anxiety and the level of independence before and after the Task Related Training treatment because the significance value was less than 5% (0.000 <0.05). On the other hand, the results of the balance level test did not show any difference between before and after the Task Related Training treatment, because the significance value was more than 5% (0.474>0.005). The conclusion of this study was found the effect of Task Related Training on anxiety, independence of post-stroke patients, but no effect was found on the balance of post-stroke patients.
References
Abduboriyevna, R. K., & Yusufjonovich, N. S. (2018). Stroke burden in Asia: to the epidemiology in Uzbekistan. European Science Review, 7(8), 156–161.
Agianto, A., Kamilah, A., & Agustina, R. (2022). Stroke Traditional Therapy in the Community in Indonesia. KnE Life Sciences, 7(2), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10319
Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S. A., Crichton, S., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Rudd, A. G. (2014). Natural history, predictors and associated outcomes of anxiety up to 10 years after stroke: the South London Stroke Register. Age and Ageing, 43(4), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft208
Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Rudd, A. G. (2013). Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 202(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107664
Bayona, N. A., Bitensky, J., Salter, K., & Teasell, R. (2005). The Role of Task-Specific Training in Rehabilitation Therapies. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 12(3), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1310/BQM5-6YGB-MVJ5-WVCR
Burton, C. A. C., Murray, J., Holmes, J., Astin, F., Greenwood, D., & Knapp, P. (2013). Frequency of anxiety after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society, 8(7), 545–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00906.x
Cahyati, Y. (2018). Gambaran Kemampuan Fungsional Pasien Stroke di RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya. Buletin Media Informasi Kesehatan, 14(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.37160/bmi.v14i2.216
Carey, J. R., Kimberley, T. J., Lewis, S. M., Auerbach, E. J., Dorsey, L., Rundquist, P., & Ugurbil, K. (2002). Analysis of fMRI and finger tracking training in subjects with chronic stroke. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 125(Pt 4), 773–788. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf091
Carr, J. H., & Shepherd, R. B. (1982). A Motor Relearning Programme for Stroke. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.
Carr, J., & Shepherd, R. (2018). Stroke Rehabilitation: Guidelines for Exercise and Training to Optimize Motor Skill. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-55381-0.01001-5
Chen, Y., Li, Z., Peng, J., Shen, L., & Shi, J. (2020). Development of a Care Bundle for Stroke Survivors with Psychological Symptoms: Evidence Summary and Delphi Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7836024
Chun, M. H., Chang, M. C., & Lee, S.-J. (2017). The Effects of Forest Therapy on Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Stroke. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 127(3), 199–203. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2016.1170015
Cook, L. K., & Clements, S. L. (2011). Stroke recognition and management. The American Journal of Nursing, 111(5), 69. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000398052.15546.b2
Coupland, A. P., Thapar, A., Qureshi, M. I., Jenkins, H., & Davies, A. H. (2017). The definition of stroke. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816680121
Feigin, V. (2007). Stroke: Panduan Bergambar Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemulihan Stroke. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer.
French, B., Leathley, M., Sutton, C., McAdam, J., Thomas, L., Forster, A., … Watkins, C. (2008). A systematic review of repetitive functional task practice with modelling of resource use, costs and effectiveness. Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England), 12(30), 1–117. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta12300
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., … Turner, M. B. (2013). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2013 update: A Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 127(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31828124ad
Hackett, M. L., & Pickles, K. (2014). Part I: frequency of depression after stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society, 9(8), 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12357
Heinemann, A. W., Linacre, J. M., Wright, B. D., Hamilton, B. B., & Granger, C. (1994). Prediction of rehabilitation outcomes with disability measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75(2), 133–143.
Hobart, J. C., Lamping, D. L., Freeman, J. A., Langdon, D. W., McLellan, D. L., Greenwood, R. J., & Thompson, A. J. (2001). Evidence-based measurement: which disability scale for neurologic rehabilitation? Neurology, 57(4), 639–644. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.4.639
Hsueh, I.-P., Lin, J.-H., Jeng, J.-S., & Hsieh, C.-L. (2002). Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the functional independence measure, 5 item Barthel index, and 10 item Barthel index in patients with stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 73(2), 188–190. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.2.188
Infodatin. (2019). Stroke Dont Be The One. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Ishige, S., Wakui, S., Miyazawa, Y., & Naito, H. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale-Japanese (ABC-J) in community-dwelling stroke survivors. Physical Therapy Research, 23(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1298/ptr.e9982
Jaberinezhad, M., Farhoudi, M., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Alizadeh, M., Sullman, M. J. M., Carson-Chahhoud, K., … Safiri, S. (2022). The burden of stroke and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 2700–2711. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06418-x
Jang, S. H., Kim, Y.-H., Cho, S.-H., Lee, J.-H., Park, J.-W., & Kwon, Y.-H. (2003). Cortical reorganization induced by task-oriented training in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Neuroreport, 14(1), 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200301200-00025
Jensen, M. P., Abresch, R. T., & Carter, G. T. (2005). The reliability and validity of a self-report version of the FIM instrument in persons with neuromuscular disease and chronic pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.040
Jeon, B., Kim, W., & Park, E. (2015). Effect of task-oriented training for people with stroke : a meta-analysis focused on repetitive or circuit training. https://doi.org/10.1179/1074935714Z.0000000035
Johansen-Berg, H., Dawes, H., Guy, C., Smith, S. M., Wade, D. T., & Matthews, P. M. (2002). Correlation between motor improvements and altered fMRI activity after rehabilitative therapy. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 125(Pt 12), 2731–2742. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf282
Karlina, N., Inayah, S. N., & Uthami, P. G. (2018). Hubungan Tingkat Disabilitas Pasien Stroke dengan Respon Berduka Keluarga di Ruang Rawat Inap RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon. Jurnal Kesehatan Mahardika, 5(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.54867/jkm.v5i1.38
Katoh, J., Ohsaka, G., Hara, Y., Ishihara, K., Taniguchi, H., & Narutaki, K. (1996). ADL Assessment for Hemiparetic Stroke Patients Based on the Functional Independence Measure. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 8(1), 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.8.9
Kim, J. S. (2016). Post-stroke mood and emotional disturbances:Pharmacological therapy based on mechanisms. Journal of Stroke, 18(3), 244–255. https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2016.01144
Kleim, J. A., Jones, T. A., & Schallert, T. (2003). Motor enrichment and the induction of plasticity before or after brain injury. Neurochemical Research, 28(11), 1757–1769. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026025408742
Kwakkel, G., Kollen, B., & Lindeman, E. (2004). Understanding the pattern of functional recovery after stroke: facts and theories. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 22(3–5), 281–299.
Kwakkel, G., & Wagenaar, R. C. (2002). Effect of Duration of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Rehabilitation Sessions and Walking Speed on Recovery of Interlimb Coordination in Hemiplegic Gait. Physical Therapy, 82(5), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.5.432
Liepert, J., Hamzei, F., & Weiller, C. (2004). Lesion-induced and training-induced brain reorganization. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 22(3–5), 269–277.
Lindberg, P., Schmitz, C., Forssberg, H., Engardt, M., & Borg, J. (2004). Effects of passive-active movement training on upper limb motor function and cortical activation in chronic patients with stroke: a pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(3), 117–123.
Luft, A. R., McCombe-Waller, S., Whitall, J., Forrester, L. W., Macko, R., Sorkin, J. D., … Hanley, D. F. (2004). Repetitive bilateral arm training and motor cortex activation in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(15), 1853–1861. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.15.1853
Moiz, J. A., Bansal, V., Noohu, M. M., Gaur, S. N., Hussain, M. E., Anwer, S., & Alghadir, A. (2017). Activities-specific balance confidence scale for predicting future falls in Indian older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 645–651. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S133523
National Stroke Foundation. (2005). Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery. Melbourne: National Stroke Foundation.
Nelles, G., Jentzen, W., Jueptner, M., Müller, S., & Diener, H. C. (2001). Arm training induced brain plasticity in stroke studied with serial positron emission tomography. Neuroimage, 13(6 Pt 1), 1146–1154. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0757
Nudo, R. J., Larson, D., Plautz, E. J., Friel, K. M., Barbay, S., & Frost, S. B. (2003). A squirrel monkey model of poststroke motor recovery. ILAR Journal, 44(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.2.161
Pang, M. Y. C., & Eng, J. J. (2008). Fall-related self-efficacy, not balance and mobility performance, is related to accidental falls in chronic stroke survivors with low bone mineral density. Osteoporosis International, 19(7), 919–927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0519-5
Pollak, N., Rheault, W., & Stoecker, J. L. (1996). Reliability and validity of the FIM for persons aged 80 years and above from a multilevel continuing care retirement community. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77(10), 1056–1061. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90068-4
Purnomo, S., & Makiyah, S. N. N. (2019). Reading-Based Therapy in Aphasia: Literature Review. Dinamika Kesehatan Jurnal Kebidanan Dan Keperawatan, 10(1), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.33859/dksm.v10i1.422
Rahayu, S. (2016). Pengaruh Pendampingan dan Pemberian Modul Kangaro Mother Care terhadap Kemandirian Ibu Nifas Merawat BBLR di Rumah. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan, 1(3), 55–60.
Rensink, M., Schuurmans, M., Lindeman, E., & Hafsteinsdóttir, T. (2009). Task-oriented training in rehabilitation after stroke. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(4), 737–754. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04925.x
Richards, L. G., Stewart, K. C., Woodbury, M. L., Senesac, C., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2008). Movement-Dependent Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of TMS and fMRI Evidence. Neuropsychologia, 46(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.013
Romadhani, A. A., Adzhariah, S. I., Safitri, W., & Suprapmanto, J. (2022). Peran Orang Tua dalam Membangun Kemandirian Anak. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah “SENAPADMA,” 1(1), 91–99. Retrieved from https://prosiding.senapadma.nusaputra.ac.id/article/view/42
Santoso, S. (2012). Statistik Parametrik. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Schinkel-Ivy, A., Wong, J. S., & Mansfield, A. (2017). Balance Confidence Is Related to Features of Balance and Gait in Individuals with Chronic Stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26(2), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.022
Schmidt, R., & Lee, T. (2005). Motor Control and Learning: A behavioural Emphasis. In Human Kinetics (5th ed.). Champaign, Illinois, Amerika Serikat: Human Kinetics.
Teasell, R. W., Foley, N. C., Salter, K. L., & Jutai, J. W. (2008). A Blueprint for Transforming Stroke Rehabilitation Care in Canada: The Case for Change. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(3), 575–578. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.164
Trombly, C. A., & Ma, H. (2002). A Synthesis of the Effects of Occupational Therapy for Persons with Stroke, Part I: Restoration of Roles, Tasks, and Activities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(3), 250–259. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.56.3.250
Turana, Y., Tengkawan, J., Chia, Y. C., Nathaniel, M., Wang, J.-G., Sukonthasarn, A., … Network, the H. A. (2021). Hypertension and stroke in Asia: A comprehensive review from HOPE Asia. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23(3), 513–521. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14099
Turkstra, L., Holland, A., & Bays, G. (2003). The neuroscience of recovery and rehabilitation: What have we learned from animal research? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84(4), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50146
Van der Lee, J. H., Snels, I. A., Beckerman, H., Lankhorst, G. J., Wagenaar, R. C., & Bouter, L. M. (2001). Exercise therapy for arm function in stroke patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Rehabilitation, 15(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501677557755
Van Duijnhoven, H. J. R., Heeren, A., Peters, M. A. M., Veerbeek, J. M., Kwakkel, G., Geurts, A. C. H., & Weerdesteyn, V. (2016). Effects of Exercise Therapy on Balance Capacity in Chronic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke, 47(10), 2603–2610. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013839
van Eeden, M., van Mastrigt, G. A. P. G., Evers, S. M. A. A., van Raak, E. P. M., Driessen, G. A. M., & van Heugten, C. M. (2016). The Economic Impact of Mental Healthcare Consumption Before and After Stroke in a Cohort of Stroke Patients in the Netherlands: a Record Linkage Study. BMC Health Services Research, 16(688), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1915-3
Venketasubramanian, N., Yoon, B. W., Pandian, J., & Navarro, J. C. (2017). Stroke Epidemiology in South, East, and South-East Asia: A Review. Journal of Stroke, 19(3), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2017.00234
Vos, T., Lim, S. S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasifard, M., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Ward, N. S. (2007). Future perspectives in functional neuroimaging in stroke recovery. Europa Medicophysica, 43(2), 285–294.
Watson, D. E., & Wilson, S. A. (2003). Task Analysis: An Individual and Population Approach. Bethesda: AOTA Press (The American Occupational Therapy Association). Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hKYjAwAACAAJ
Whitiana, G. D., Vitriana, & Cahyani, A. (2017). Level of Activity Daily Living in Post Stroke Patients. Althea Medical Journal, 4(2), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v4n2.1068
Winstein, C. J., Rose, D. K., Tan, S. M., Lewthwaite, R., Chui, H. C., & Azen, S. P. (2004). A randomized controlled comparison of upper-extremity rehabilitation strategies in acute stroke: A pilot study of immediate and long-term outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(4), 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.027
Winstein, C. J., & Stewart, J. C. (2006). Conditions of Task Practice for Individuals With Neurologic Impairments. In M. Selzer, S. Clarke, L. Cohen, P. Duncan, & F. Gage (Eds.), Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation. Cambridge, Australia: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511545078.009
Wolfe, C. D. A., Crichton, S. L., Heuschmann, P. U., McKevitt, C. J., Toschke, A. M., Grieve, A. P., & Rudd, A. G. (2011). Estimates of Outcomes Up to Ten Years after Stroke: Analysis from the Prospective South London Stroke Register. PLoS Medicine, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001033
Xiao, M., Huang, G., Feng, L., Luan, X., Wang, Q., Ren, W., … He, J. (2020). Impact of sleep quality on post-stroke anxiety in stroke patients. Brain and Behavior, 10(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1716
Xu, D., Chu, X., Wang, K., Wei, L., Xu, Y., Huang, X., … Peng, M. (2021). Potential Factors for Psychological Symptoms at Three Months in Patients with Young Ischemic Stroke. BioMed Research International, 2021(54507), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2021%2F5545078
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Khomarun, Wawan Ridwan Mutaqin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
The author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license that allows others to remix, adapt, and build upon the work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s) and license their new creations under the identical terms.
License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/